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agricolo, ed una buona preparazione tecnica dei coltivatori: 
altri mezzi artificiali per conservare la proprieta coltivatrice si 
dimostrano meno efficaci. 
[ TRANSLATION. ] 
COMPARATIVE REVIEW: OF LAND CONCESSIONS IN 
COLONIZATION. 
The excess of population in the old countries is the force 
which drives the proletariat towards new countries with a view 
to colonizing the land. 
This excess may be either absolute or relative. It is absolute 
when, in the home country, the intensity of cultivation has 
reached its possible maximum, and relative when it depends 
on insufficient intensity in the systems of cultivation. 
In the second case, emigration from old countries produces 
in the same a depreciation in the value of the land, and this 
fact gives subsequently an impetus to colonization; in this 
manner emigration into new countries, which determines in 
the latter the cultivation of the land, may subsequently give an 
impetus to colonization also in the old countries. 
In new countries the existence of large Government reser- 
vations facilitates colonization by whites, while in European 
countries the existence of large private properties causes a 
deficiency in land available for cultivation. 
In the former case gratuitous or quasi-gratuitous concessions 
are possible and are preferably so granted; they serve as an 
inducement to workers of the soil; by the conditions to which 
these concessions are subject it is intended to guarantee the 
final object of colonization. In the old countries, where there 
is a deficiency in land, the best system appears to be a prudent 
organization of credit which enables the farmers to acquire the 
land by paying out of their own means only a minimum portion 
of the price while at the same time leaving to them the entire 
technical and financial responsibility of their undertaking. 
Between the two extremes of which we have just spoken 
there exists another position, represented by conquered coun- 
tries, in which the colonizing population finds already a 
civilization and a landed-property system (as im Algeria, 
Tunis, Libya) which cannot be put aside and by which a great 
part of the land is deprived of its available character in a 
nearly similar way as in the home countries; in such a case 
the best system would appear to be that of freeing the land 
from all redeemable rights weighing on it and facilitating its 
sale and purchase in accordance with the ideas prevailing in 
the old countries. In such a case the undertaking appears to 
