368 
The reconstitution of the vineyards by vines grafted on 
American plants is actively pursued; the stocks employed for 
grafting are well adapted to the soil and climate, and assure 
an abundant yield. The privileged position of Northern Africa 
has been asserting itself for some years past, which have been 
unfavourable for viticulture in the home country; cryptogamic 
diseases are rare there or more easily contended with. Vine 
beetles (altises), mildew, and especially the drying wind, the 
sirocco, are the most serious enemies. 
The vine-stocks employed are those of the south of France: 
Carignan, Mourvédre, Petits Bouschet, Aramon, Clairette and 
Cuisant; table grapes (Chasselas) are cultivated on the coast 
and are the subject of an important trade. 
The future of this industry in Northern Africa seems superb 
from the point of view of cultivation. From the economic 
point of view, if the cost of production is very appreciably less 
than in the home country, the situation might nevertheless 
become critical if new plantations were developed thought- 
lessly; in any case, home viticulture would suffer the 
consequences first. The author draws this conclusion from 
his detailed study of Tunisian, Algerian and Moroccan wine- 
growing, giving for each country the figures of production, 
area planted with vines, and describing the types of wines 
produced. 
TEFF, A VALUABLE TROPICAL AND SUB-TROPICAL HAY 
CROP. 
By JoserpH Burtr-Davy, F.L.S., F.R.G.S. 
Owing to the remarkable success which has attended the 
introduction of teff (Eragrostis abyssinica) into South Africa, 
it is highly desirable that the value of this grass should be 
brought to the notice of the members of the Congress. 
Teff is an annual hay grass, particularly suitable for use as 
a summer catch-crop, and a smother-crop for weeds, owing 
to its rapid growth when weather conditions are at all favour- 
able. It gives a heavy yield of hay of exceedingly fine quality 
and high nutritive value, more nearly resembling English 
meadow hay than any other hay grass grown in South Africa. 
If sown with the early spring rains, the writer has been able 
to cut three crops of hay in the season, giving 2} to 3 tons 
per acre, and to obtain autumn grazing from the aftermath. 
The introduction of teff grass into South Africa has raised 
many small farmers struggling for a living to positions of 
comparative comfort and independence. Our farmers are 
unanimously agreed that this introduction alone has repaid 
