2 History of Forests and Forestry. 
of convenience and of pleasure. Only when the natural 
supplies of forest products give out under the demands 
of civilization, or when unfavorable conditions of soil or 
climate induced by forest destruction necessitate a hus- 
banding of supplies or necessitate the application of art 
or skill or knowledge in securing a reproduction, does 
the art of forestry make its appearance. Hence its be- 
ginnings occur in different places at different times and 
its development proceeds at different paces. 
In the one country, owing to ecomomic development, 
the need of an intensive forest management and of strict 
forest policies may have arrived, while in another rough 
exploitation and wasteful practices are still natural and 
practically unavoidable. And such differences, as we 
shall see, may even exist in the different parts of the 
same country. 
The origin and growth of the art, then, is dependent 
on economic and cultural conditions and economic 
development and on other elements of environment, and 
can only be understood and appreciated through the 
knowledge of such environment, of such other conditions 
and development, as that of the use of the soil, of indus- 
tries, of means of transportation, of civilization gener- 
ally. 
Hence we find, for instance, that England, located so 
as to be accessible by sea from all points of the compass 
and with oceanic shipping well developed, can appar- 
ently dispense with serious consideration of the forest 
supply question. 
Again we find, that more than a century ago fear of a 
timber famine agitated not only the dense populations. 
of many European countries, but even the scanty popu: 
