6 History of Forests and Forestry. 
forest areas for sustained yield—forest economy is in- 
troduced. 
That the time and progress of these stages and the 
methods of their inauguration vary in different parts of 
the world is understood from the intimate relation 
which, as has been pointed out, this economic subject 
bears to all other economic as well as political develop- 
ments. 
At the present time we find all the European nations 
practicing forestry, although with a very varying degree 
of intensity. The greatest and most universal develop- 
ment of the art is for good reasons to be found in 
Germany and its nearest neighbors. arly attention 
to forest conservancy was here induced by density of 
population, which enforces intensity in the use of soil 
and by the comparative difficulty of securing wood sup- 
plies cheaply enough from outside. On the other hand, 
such countries as the Mediterranean peninsulas by their 
advantageous situation with reference to importations, 
with their mild climate and less intensive industrial 
development, have felt this need less. 
Again, the still poorly settled and originally heavily 
timbered countries of the Scandinavian peninsula and 
the vast empire of Russia are still heavy exploiters of 
forest products and are only just beginning to feel the 
drain on their forest resources; while the United States, 
with as much forest wealth as Russia, but a much more 
intensive industrial development, has managed to reach 
the stage of need of a conservative forest policy in a 
shorter time. 
From each of the European countries we learn some- 
thing helpful towards inaugurating such policies, and 
