Modern Property Conditions. 89 
ence in position between farm and forest property began 
to be recognized. Although after 1820 sales of forest 
property took place, they were never a fiscal measure, but 
were made either for the purpose of rounding off exist- 
ing state forest property or paying off servitudes, or 
else in order to turn over agricultural soil to farm use. 
At present everywhere in Germany state properties are 
on the increase. 
The property conditions of the communal forests 
naturally changed also with the political changes of the 
19th century, when existing communities were made part 
of the large political machine and changed from eco- 
nomic and social to modern political municipalities. The 
ownership conditions, however, were not simplified, but 
as before, remained extremely varied. 
Of the Mark forest but a very small portion remains 
to-day. The majority of it had been finally divided 
among the Marker in the first decade of the century, and 
the few remaining parts became independent of the 
political organization and now exist merely in the form 
of appurtenances to certain farm property known as 
Genossenwald (association forests). In adition to the 
variety of communal ownerships existing in the preced- 
ing period, some new communal properties originated 
from the granting of land in the settlement and dissolu- 
tion of servitudes, whereby an undivided property 
(Interessentenwald) in which sometimes even the state 
Tetains an interest, came into existence. 
The municipal property of the cities had become either 
the property of the entire community or of that part 
which constituted the real citizenship, or at least of a 
certain class of citizens of the municipality. 
