90 Germany. 
The incumbrances which had grown up with regard 
to forest property under the name of servitudes and 
which so much retarded the development of better forest 
management continued into this period, and although 
through the influences of the French revolution a desire 
had been stimulated to get rid of all curtailments of 
property, some have persisted to this day. Indeed, for 
a time an increase of these servitudes took place, due to 
the carelessness of forest officials in keeping unjustified 
use of the forest in check, when ancient usage of these 
rights of user was claimed and new servitudes were 
established. 
Indeed, in Bavaria, it became at last necessary 
(1852) to positively forbid the further establishment of 
new servitudes or rights of user. Laws having in view 
the dissolution or buying out of these rights were 
issued in Bavaria in 1805 and in Prussia i in 1821, giving 
the right to forest owners to call for a division of 
interests; but as at first the only way of settlement was 
by exchange for definite parcels of forest property, the 
progress in the abolishment of these rights was slow, 
until money exchange was permitted (as in Saxony, 
1832). At the present time the state forest administra- 
tions have mostly got rid of these servitudes, or at. least 
have progressed so far in their regulation that they are 
now rarely impediments to forest management. These 
peaceable adjustments of the rights of user constitute 
the last act of freeing property socially and economic- 
ally. 
2. Forest Conditions. 
In spite of the sporadic efforts which had ‘Sean made 
to bring about the recuperation of forest areas during 
