92 Germany. 
due to the knowledge and intelligence of a group of men, 
six in number, competent foresters, who combined 
the high grade education of the Cameralists and the 
practitioners’ knowledge: Hartig, Cotta, Hundeshagen, 
Koenig, Pfeil and Heyer. These men built on the 
shoulders of their precursors of the century in which 
they were born, and being placed in authoritative posi- 
tions, found opportunities of putting their teachings 
into practice. 
The first two mentioned were older than the rest, and 
are usually described as “fathers of modern forestry.” 
Born about a year apart, both educated at universities, 
they excelled both in scientific and practical directions. 
Georg Ludwig Hartig (1764-1837), studied at the 
University of Giessen and, after having served in various 
functions in various parts of Southern Germany, became, 
in 1811, head of the Prussian forest administration. He 
was equally eminent as a practical man and organizer, as 
a writer and as a teacher. In literary direction his 
work lay not so much in developing new ideas as in 
formulating clearly the known ones, as evidenced in his 
celebrated “General Rules” in silviculture. 
Not less than thirty separate publications attest his 
assiduity. Among them stands pre-eminent “Anwei- 
sung zur Holzzucht fiir Foerster’ (1791; 8th edition, 
1818). As a teacher he began his work by establishing 
a masterschool (1789-1791) at Hungen, transferred to 
Stuttgart in 1807; and afterwards, as head of the Prus- 
sian forest administration, he lectured at the University ° 
of Berlin, continuing his lectures even after the forestry 
school at Eberswalde was established, until his death. 
He may be considered as having established on a firm 
