94 Germany. 
a teacher he excelled in clearness, exposition, wealth of 
ideas and geniality. 
Of an entirely different stamp was the third of the 
great masters, Johann Christian Hundeshagen (1783- 
1834), who having studied in Heidelberg, became after 
some years of practice, professor of forestry at Tuebin- 
gen, in 1817, and at Giessen, 1825. He was a representa- 
tive of the theoretical or philosophical side of forestry, 
being highly cultivated and imbued with the spirit of 
science. His bent was to systematize the knowledge in 
existence and extend it by means of exact experiments. 
In forest organization, he invented the well known form- 
ula method or “rational method” of regulating felling 
budgets and became also one of the founders of Forest 
Statics (1826) which he called “the doctrine of measur- 
ing forestal forces,” being thus the forerunner of modern 
scientific forestry. 
The fourth of the group, Gottlob Kénig (1816-1849) 
was a practitioner without a university education, who 
had enjoyed the teaching and influence of Cotta whom 
he succeeded in Hisenach as the head of the ducal forest 
administration. He also founded here a private forest 
school, which in 1830 became a state institution and 
is still in existence. Kénig became noted by his con- 
tributions to the scientific, especially the mathematical 
side of forestry, developing forest mensuration and 
statics. In this latter branch he was the forerunner 
of Pressler and the modern school of finance. In his 
“Anleitung zur Holztazation” (1813) he gives a com- 
plete account of forest mensuration and in the part 
devoted to forest valuation he develops the first soil 
rent formula and the methods of determining the cost 
