Hartig’s Rules. 97 
tion (density) that it cannot, before the seeding takes 
place, grow up to grass and weeds. 
(4) “With species whose seed loses its power of 
germination through frost, as is the case with the oak 
and beech, the compartments must be given such a 
position (density) that the foliage which after the fall 
of seed covers and protects the same cannot be carried 
away by wind. 
(5) “All stands must be given such density that the 
germinating plants in the same, as long as they are still 
tender, find sufficient protection from their mother trees 
against heat of the sun and against cold. 
(6) “So soon as the young stand resulting from 
natural regeneration does not any longer require this 
motherly protection, it must gradually, through the care- 
ful removal of the mother trees, be accustomed to the 
weather, and finally must be entirely brought into the 
open position. 
(7) “All the young growths, whether secured by 
natural or artificial seeding, must be freed from the ac- 
companying less useful species and from weeds, if these 
in spite of all precaution threaten the better kinds. 
(8) “From every young forest until it is full grown, 
the suppressed wood must be removed from time to 
time, so that the trees which are ahead: or dominate 
may grow the better; the upper perfect crown cover, 
however, must not be interrupted until it is the intention 
to grow a new forest again in the place of the old one.” 
Since these rules are applicable only in beech forests, 
much mischief and misconception resulted from their 
generalization; pure even-aged high forests became the 
ideal, and the mixed forest, which was originally the 
