Methods of Organization. 107 
the end of the rotation was considered desirable. 
Cotta based his system of forest organization upon a 
method described by a Bavarian, Schilcher (1796); 
it relied primarily upon area rather than volume di- 
vision. This method was later on (1817), called by him 
Flaechenfachwerk (area allotment). It divides the ro- 
tation into periods and allots areas for each periodic 
felling budget. But before this time, in 1804, Cotta 
had himself formulated a method of his own, which com- 
bined the area and volume method, the volume being the 
main basis and the area being merely used as a check. 
While Hartig dogmatically and persistently carried out 
his difficult scheme, Cotta was open-minded enough to 
improve his method of regulation, and by 1820, in his 
Anweisung zur Forsteinrichtung und Abschaetzung, he 
comes to his final position of basing the sustained yield 
entirely on the area allotment, using the estimate of vol- 
ume simply to secure an approximately uniform felling 
budget. He laid particular stress on orderly pro- 
cedure in the subdivision and progress of the fellings. 
He did not prepare an elaborate working plan binding 
for the entire rotation, but merély prescribed the princi- 
ples of the general management, and in 1816 he made 
felling and planting plans only for the next decade. 
A similar method making a closer combination of vol- 
ume and area allotment, now known as the combined 
allotment, in which the area forms the main basis for 
distributing the felling budgets, was prescribed by Klip- 
stein in 1833. This confines the working plan to the 
first period of the rotation and for this period alone 
makes a rather careful statement of the expected vol- 
ume budget; a new budget is then to be determined at 
