138 Germany. 
der Forst und Jagdkunde was formed in which all the 
noted foresters joined with much enthusiasm, and in 
1801, a membership of 81 regular and 61 honorary 
members was attained. At the same time the official 
organ Diana was founded (179%), in which the essays 
of the members were to be printed, after having passed 
four censors. Two sessions were to be held annually. 
This much too elaborate plan for the then rather un- 
developed education and means of transportation de- 
feated to some extent the great object. By 1812 it was 
thought necessary to divide the academy at least into a 
northern and southern section, and for the latter an 
additional journal edited by Laurop was instituted. 
The interest, however, decreased continually and by 
1843, at Bechstein’s death, the academy was abandoned. 
At the same time there had sprung up a number of 
local associations in the modern sense. The first in 
1820, composed of the foresters and agriculturists of 
Nassau ; the next in 1839, of the foresters of Baden, and 
by 1860 nine such local societies of foresters were in 
existence and they have since increased rapidly until now 
some thirty may be counted. The desire to bring these 
_ local associations into relation to each other led to the 
first Forestry Congress in 1837 (Congress der Land- 
und Forstwirthe), meeting at Dresden. At that time 
and in the congresses following, the agriculturists 
played a leading part, so that in 1839 the South Ger- 
man foresters separated, and peripatetic congresses were 
held every one or two years. In 1869 a general organ- 
ization was determined upon, and in 1872 the first gen- 
eral German Congress of Foresters met, holding yearly 
meetings thereafter. A rival association having. been 
