144 Austria-Hungary. 
tria~-Hungary came into existence and gave a new na- 
tional life and new policies to the coalition which is to 
amalgamate these southeastern territories into a homo- 
geneous nation. 
By the treaty of Berlin in 1878, this territory of 241- 
942 square miles with over 45 million people was further 
increased by the addition of the Turkish provinces of 
Bosnia and Herzegovina with 1,250,000 inhabitants and 
23.262 square miles. 
It is natural that, corresponding to this great diversity 
of ethnological elements and historical development, we 
should find a great variety of forest conditions and un- 
even development of forestry. While in Bohemia, Mora- 
via and Silesia the most intensive management has long 
been practiced, in the Carpathians of Galicia and in 
Hungary rough exploitation is still the rule, and in other 
parts large untouched forest areas still await develop- 
ment. 
We can distinguish at least seven regions thus differ- 
ently developed: the Northwest with Bohemia, Moravia 
and the remaining part of Silesia, settled the longest 
and the longest under forest management; the North- 
east, Galicia with the Carpathian Mountains still largely 
either exploited or untouched; the Danube lands or 
Austria proper, with the Vienna forest and the forests 
connected with the saltworks in Upper Austria and 
Styria, under some management since the 12th and 16th 
centuries respectively ; the Alp territory, including Tyrol 
and Salzburg, parts of Styria, Karinthia and Krain, 
much devastated long ago and offering all the problems 
of the reboisement work of France; the Coast lands 
4 
