Literature. 163 
tion was abandoned after a rival, the Austrian Forestry 
Congress, had been organized in 1874, which later be- 
came the Oesterreichische Reichs-Forstverein. 
In Galicia and in Bukowina the foresters meet as a 
section of the Society for Soil Culture. The same 
method of forming forestry sections of the agricultural 
societies is followed in others parts of the empire and 
at least a dozen or more other local foresters’ associations 
might be mentioned in which owners of forest properties 
are as fully represented as professional foresters, and 
their activity is not only to be found in literary labors, 
but also in practical work. In addition to the meetings 
of these local societies representative congresses have met 
annually at Vienna since 1876 and have become power- 
ful agents for improving legislation and practice. 
Although, as was natural, owing to the difference in 
conditions the forestry literature in Austria began much 
later than that of Germany a very active progress is 
noticeable since the middle of the century, and the Aus- 
trians are vying successfully with the Germans in this 
direction. The names of Fioceli, Pokorny, Bohm, 
Wiesner, Molish, Willkomm, Hempel and Kenner in the 
direction of forest botany, Wessely, von Lorenz-Labur- 
nau, Schindler, Feistmantel, Dimitz, Dombrowski (en- 
cyclopedia 1886), Hxzner (wood technology) Guttenberg 
(forest mensuration and regulation), Ney (silvicul- 
‘ture), von Seckendorff, Schiffel (forest mensuration), 
and many others are familiar to all German readers. 
In addition a very considerable literature in the Bohe- 
mian language is in existence, some in the Italian by 
Austrian authors, and some in the Slavonian. 
