164 Austria-Hungary. 
The magazine literature began with publications by 
various forestry associations which became active after 
1848. At the present time weekly, monthly, bi-monthly, 
quarterly, yearly and irregular publications to the 
number of not less than 14 in German, in addition to 
several in Bohemian, may be counted, among which the 
monthly Centralblati fiir das Gesammte Forstwesen, in 
existence since 1875, and the only weekly, Oester- 
reichische Forstzeitung since 1883, are perhaps the most 
widely known. 
HUNGARY. 
Although naturally influenced by Austrian precedent, 
forestry matters in Hungary like all matters of admin- 
istration are independent of Austria, the connection 
being only in the identity of the emperor. 
The forests which had been largely the property of the 
kings of the Arpad dynasty had been by them turned 
over in donations to the churches, cloisters and to colo- 
nists, so that by 1526 when the Hapsburgs succeeded, 
only a small portion remained, and this became State 
property. 
In the forests which were necessary for the working of 
the royal mines and furnaces an attempt was early made 
to secure systematic treatment under an ordinance 
(1565) which gave instructions as to the order of fell- 
ings, the reservation of seed trees, etc. But on the whole 
the government did not make much effort at regulating 
forest use until past the middle of the 18th century, and 
then largely owing to military considerations urged by 
General von Engelshoffen commanding on the frontier 
