168 Austria-Hungary. 
garian forest director, Der europaeische Flugsand und 
seine Kultur describes in detail the principles and 
methods of reclamation of shifting sands. 
Most of the Hungarian forestry literature being writ- 
ten in the Magyar language, is inaccessible to the rest of 
the world. : 
Efforts by private endeavor to promote forestry edu- 
cation date back as early as 1796, when Forest Inspector 
Vizner opened an elementary forest school and wrote a 
forestry catechism. 
This effort was followed in 1806 by introducing the 
subject in the agricultural school at Keszthely, and in 
1808 in the school of mines in Schemnitz (Selmecz 
banya), a German forester Wilkins filling the chair, 
while a special forest school was established at Hermann- 
stadt in 1817. 
The forestry courses at Schemnitz were enlarged and 
the school re-organized in 1846 and again in 1872; one 
of the changes being the use of the Hungarian language 
in its instruction, which had originally been in German. 
In 1904 the course which was 3 years and only option- 
ally 4 (one year for engineering education) was made 4 
years for all, and is obligatory for all higher grade State 
officials. 
In Croatia-Slavonia, which is in many respects separ- 
ately administered, an agricultural and forestry school 
exists at Kreutz (Kérés) with a three-year course. 
For the lower service four schools of two-year courses 
have been established by the government, the instruc- 
tion being given by practitioners, and some of the 
students receiving free tuition. 
