210 France. 
The first director of this school, Bernard Lorentz. hav- 
ing become acquainted and befriended with G. L. Hartig, 
and his assistant, afterward his son-in-law and successor, 
Adolphe Parade, having studied under Cotta (1817- 
1818) in Tharand, this school introduced the science of 
forestry as it had then been developed in Germany; but 
later generations under Nanquette, Bagneris, Broillard, 
Boppe and Puton, imbued with patriotism, attempted in 
a manner to strike out on original lines. 
As a consequence of the “unpatriotic” German ten- 
dencies of its first directors the continuance of the 
school at Nancy was several times threatened, there 
being friction between the administration of the school 
and the service, which in 1844 came to a climax, agents 
in the service being employed without preparation in the 
school, a condition which lasted until 1856. 
Even to date an active service of 15 years is considered 
equivalent to the education in the school for advance- 
ment in the service. 
In 1839 Lorentz was disgracefully displaced, in spite 
of his great merits, because he advocated too warmly the 
application of the superior system of regeneration under 
shelterwood to replace the coppice and selection forest, 
an incident almost precisely repeated in the State of New 
York in abandoning its State College at Cornell Uni- 
versity ; and in other respects the two cases appear par- 
allel. Parade, the successor of Lorentz being imbued 
with the same heretical doctrines was constantly in 
trouble and in 1847 a most savage attack in the legisla- 
ture was launched which threatened the collapse of the 
school. This condition lasted until Parade’s death, in 
1864, when Nanquette assumed guidance of the school 
