214 France. 
of forestry dates from Broillard’s Cours d’Aménagement, 
in 1878. The latest contribution by G. Huffel, Economie 
Forestiére, 1904, to be published in several volumes, 
promises to be of superior character. There should not 
be forgotten as among the non-professional promoters of 
forest questions, Chevandier, a chemist and manufac- 
turer, who, in 1844, made investigations regarding the 
influence of irrigation on wood growth and on the influ- 
ence of fertilizers, and in connection with Wertheim, 
laid the foundation for timber physics. 
One monthly magazine, “Revue des Eaux et Foréts,” 
not of the highest order or elaborate, if compared with 
the German journals, satisfies the needs of the French 
forest public and the books of professional character 
produced during the last century worthy of note will 
hardly exceed two dozen. 
%. Colonial Policies. 
The French have also extended their forest policy to 
their colonies in Algeria, Tunis, Indo-China, and Mada- 
gascar, although, at least in the latter, rough exploita- 
tion is still the rule. : 
Algeria, which was conquered in 1828, is about four- 
fifths of the size of France, but only 5.5 per cent. is for- 
ested, largely with Aleppo Pine and various oaks, among 
which the Cork oak is the most valuable. Although the 
population does not exceed 4.5 million, import of wood 
from Sweden and elsewhere to nearly one million dollars 
in amount is necessary. The first advance of civilization 
led to wide-spread destruction of the originally larger, 
forest area; fire and pasture being specially destructive. 
Before the French occupation the 7 million acres of 
