Literature. 231 
became the teacher of most of the present practitioners. 
Finally he became the head of the forest department in 
the Ministry of Appanages where he remained until his 
death in 1902. He is the author cf several classical 
works on silviculture, forest mensuration, forest man- 
agement, etc., and, in conjunction with Dr. W. A. 
Tichonoff, published an encyclopedic work in three 
volumes. In the first volume, Russland’s Wald (1890), 
which has been translated into German, the author 
makes an extended plea for improved forestry practice 
and describes and argues at length the provisions of the 
law of 1888. In 1895 he published a history of forestry 
in Germany, France and Russia. Of other prominent 
foresters who have advanced forestry in Russia we may 
cite * Count Vargaci de Bedemar, who made the first 
attempt to prepare Russian growth and yield tables in 
1840 to 1850. 
Professor A. F. Rudzsky, who was active at the 
Forest Institute until a few years ago, developed in his 
volumes especially the mathematical branches and 
methods of forest organization. The names of Tursky, 
Kravchinsky and Kaigodorov are known to Russian 
students of dendrology and silviculture, and among the 
younger generation the names of Morozov, Nestorov, 
Orlov, and Tolsky may be mentioned. 
It is well known how prominent Russian investigators 
have become in the natural sciences, and to foresters 
the work of the soil physicists, Otozky and Dokuchaev 
would at least be familiar. 
* According to notes kindly furnished by Mr. R. Zon of the U. S. Forest 
Service. 
