258 Sweden. 
carried on very much as in the United States by logging 
contractors and the river driving is done systematically 
by booming companies. Selection forest is still the 
general practice, now often improved into group system, 
although a clear cutting system with planting has been 
practised, but is supposed to be less desirable, probably 
because it entails a direct money outlay or else because 
it was not properly done. Of the State forests 90% are 
under selection system, and of the private forest 60%. 
In the southern provinces where planting is more fre- 
quently resorted to 2-3 year old pines and 2-5 year old 
spruces, nursery-grown, 2,000 to the acre, are generally 
used or else sowing in seedspots is resorted to, which 
is more frequently practised in the middle country. 
Some 10,000 acres were, for instance, planted by the 
forest administration in 1898, at a cost of $2 per acre, 
and the budget contains annually about $20,000 for such 
planting. 
That private endeavor in the direction of planting, has 
also been active, is testified by a plantation of over 26,- 
000 acres, now 35 years old, reported from the Finspong 
Estate. 
Complete working plans are rare even for the State 
forests, a mere summary felling budget being determined 
for most areas, the trees to be cut being marked. 
Under instructions issued in 1896, working plans for 
the small proportion of State forest managed by clearing 
system are to be made. In these an area allotment 
method is employed with rotations of 100 to 150 years. 
Forest fires are still very destructive, especially 
in northern Sweden, although an effective patrol system 
has reduced the size of the areas burnt over. The coni- 
