Slavish States. 273 
3,000,000 people, under a German prince as king since 
1887. The forest area* of 7.5 million acres (30 per cent. 
of the land area), mostly deciduous (oak, beech, walnut, 
etc.), and largely confined to the mountains, is one-half 
in communal ownership, one-sixth in private hands, 
mostly small woodlots, and one-third State property ; but 
ownership rights are still much in doubt. The only 
efforts to improve forest use have been a law ordering 
the stoppage of rights of user, substituting money pay- 
ment (10 per cent. of value), and another restricting 
the diameter to which the most valuable export timber, 
walnut, may be cut. Political exigencies, absence of an 
organization, and other undeveloped conditions have 
largely prevented enforcement of these laws. The ex- 
port of walnut has increased fourteenfold in the last 
four years. 
Servia, a kingdom with 19,000 square miles and 
2,000,000 people, has over 42 per cent. (five million 
acres) still in untouched forest, with valuable oak and 
walnut, the forest being mainly used for hog-raising. The 
inaccessibility of the forest area is such that the needs of 
a large part of the population are more cheaply supplied 
by importation, which amounts to over one million cubic 
feet. Lately the first attempt was made by the Minister 
of Agriculture to bring order into the forest administra- 
tion by importing German foresters. 
Roumania,t with 48,000, square miles and nearly 
6,000,000 people, under the capable administration of a 
Hohenzollern prince, King Charles, was in Roman times 
as Dacia feliz one of the most prosperous provinces, half 
of it hilly and mountainous, the other half in the rich al- 
*Forstliche Rundschau, 1903. 
+Die forstwirtschaftlichen Verhéltnisse Rumdniens,Von Mihail Vasilescu,1894. 
Notice sur les foréts de Roumanie, in Statistica pOdur1l0r Statulin. 1908. 
