Roumania. 275 
steep slopes, near watercourses, and near the boundaries 
(of strategic importance). These areas, coming under 
the protective policy, comprise 84 per cent. of the whole 
forest area. They were not to be cleared except by 
special permit, and not to be exploited except under 
specially approved working plans. In 1885, three 
French foresters were called in to organize a State forest 
department and to inaugurate the making of working 
plans. The personnel (25 inspectors and 89 district of- 
ficers) being insufficient, and wood prices low (the in- 
come from state property being not over $400,000), the 
progress of the work was slow. Although, in 1894, the 
income had doubled, the administrative forces had not 
been enlarged to any great extent (137 foresters of 
various grades), and by that time only 150,000 acres 
had been brought under working plans. By 1900 about 
200,000 acres of State property, or 14 per cent., and 
500,000 acres of private forest, or 22 per cent., were 
organized in some fashion. Lack of means of transpor- 
tation, however, prevents a really well regulated manage- 
ment. Altogether only 65 per cent. of the State property 
is accessible so that it can be worked, and the working 
plans consist mainly in leaving a number of seed trees. 
In 1889, a Forestry Association (Progressul Silvic) 
was formed, which with its organ, Revista pddurilor, 
pushes the propaganda. In 1890, an energetic Minister 
of Domains, Carp, sought strenuously to bring improve- 
ment into the situation. A budget of $500,000 for 
foresters’ dwellings was secured to bring the forest man- 
into closer contact with their charges, a planting 
fund of $100,000, later increased to $140,000 per 
annum, was voted, and reforestation and reclamation of 
sand dunes was begun.” A forest improvement fund was 
