Ownership. 287 
coppice (ceduo), 50 per cent. under selection system 
(a@ scelia) and 10 per cent under clearing system 
(ad alto fusto ), although management hardly exists ex- 
cept in small groves. 
That supply of workwood is insufficient for the needs 
of the population, and decreasing, is attested by the fact 
that the importations more than doubled in the decade 
from 1892 to 1903 to near 14 million dollars, 80 per 
cent. of which was saw material, while nearly 5 million 
dollars’ worth was exported in the last named year, 
mostly cork, casks, thin boxboards, olive wood manufac- 
tures, and charcoal. No better picture of the forest con- 
ditions can be had than by a statement of the home 
production which in 1886 (last official data) was placed 
at 48 million cubic feet of workwood, valued at 3.4 
million dollars, 223 million cubic feet firewood, valued 
at 4.1 million, 106 million cubic feet charcoal, worth 3.6 
million, and by-products to the large amount of 6.4 
million dollars, altogether a little less than 17.6 million 
dollars. Firewood and charcoal, which represent over 
80 per cent. of the product, are, of course, furnished by 
coppice, and in addition by the pollarded material, 
almost the only fuel to be had. 
The ownership of the forest area is for thegreater part 
private (53 per cent.) and communal (over 43 per 
cent.), the State owning less than 4 per cent. The State 
property being so small, supervision of communal and 
private forest has become the policy. 
The State forest is of two classes, the alienable, under 
the Department of Finance, the larger part, about 375- 
000 acres, and the inalienable, so declared by law of 
1871, of about 115,000 acres, which is under a forest 
