330 India. 
and the demarcated but unclassified area swell the 
total to 117,000 square miles. These figures had, 
in 1904, changed to 91,567 for permanent reserves, 9865 
for protected, and 131,269 for unclassed, showing the 
rapid change now taking place in the status of classifi- 
cation. 
The name of B. H. Baden-Powell, at one time con- 
servator of the Punjab and acting Inspector-General 
of Forests during 1872-4, is closely connected with 
placing this forest legislation on a sound basis. The 
object of this legislation was mainly to settle the 
question of ownership and rights, hence reserved for- 
ests are not necessarily set aside for forest purposes like 
the forest reservations in the United States, although 
ultimately this will probably be their condition. 
Rights of user were under this legislation regulated 
or commuted. In some parts, even on the reserved 
forest areas, there are still retained rights to cut taung- 
yas, i. e. to make partial clearings for temporary agri- 
cultural use, under the restriction of not destroying 
teak trees over 18 inches in diameter, and with the 
right of the cultivators to supply their domestic needs, 
under obligation to cut out fire traces, burning the 
brush, and instituting similar protective measures. 
The title to the forest property having been secured, 
its permanent demarcation and a survey of the same 
were the next steps; the first having gradually been 
nearly accomplished, the latter being still far in arrears. 
The area of private and communal forests is not pre- 
cisely known, but, including waste land and lands of 
uncertain conditions, there are at least 500,000 square 
miles so owned, including those of feudatory rulers 
