334 India. 
Lord Dalhousie, the then Governor-General, upon 
the basis of the report of the superintendent of forests 
at Pegu, Dr. McClelland, in 1855 laid down in states- 
manlike manner an outline of a permanent forest policy 
for the government and introduced the first professional 
adviser. 
In 1856 a German forester from Hesse, Dietrich 
Brandis (now Sir) was installed as superintendent of 
forests for Pegu with wide powers under contract for 
10 years, at a liberal salary, and pension after retire- 
ment. The only possible check that could at first be 
applied was to force the lumbermen to make contracts, 
limit the diameter to which the exploitation was to be 
allowed, and mark the trees to be felled. This was 
done, naturally not without a large amount of friction. 
The result of this experiment in forest conservancy, 
as the English are pleased to call it, was so satisfactory, 
that in 1862 it was decided to organize a forest depart- 
ment for all India; Brandis was entrusted with the or- 
ganization, and in 1864 he was appointed head of the 
new department under the Secretary of Public Works 
with the title of Inspector-General, acting as adviser of 
the various provincial governments. 
The forests of India during the next 20 years during 
which Brandis held office, were, province by province, 
brought under the regime of the Imperial Forest De- 
partment, although the provincial governments retain 
full and independent administrative power. 
The first problem was to settle ownership conditions, 
which was done in the manner described before, by the 
act of 1865, and by later acts. 
The discontent which was created by this act came 
