336 India. 
administration under an imperial forest officer, fur- 
loughed for this purpose, and derive handsome rev- 
enues; the Kashmir forests of about 2500 square miles 
yielding round $180,000; those of Mysore, near 2000 
square miles, over $330,000, this largely derived from 
sales of sandal wood; those of the Nizam of Hyderabad, 
with 5200 square miles in reserves and 4400 in pro- 
tected forests, deriving a revenue of $75,000, seven 
times what it was ten years before. 
4, Forest Organization and Administration. 
The condition of affairs in the forest department can 
be briefly summarized as follows for the year 1904: 
Total area under government control: 232,700 square 
miles, namely, Reserved, 91,567; Protected, 9,865; Un- 
classed, 131,269. 
Officials: Higher grades, 312; Lower grades, 1,663; 
Guards, 8,533. 
Rounded off Expenditures: $5,370,000; Revenues, 
$8,720,000; Net Proceeds, $3,320,000 (40% of gross). 
In spite of the many difficulties, a poor market (no 
market at all for a large number of woods), wild, unsur- 
veyed, and practically unknown woodlands, requiring 
unusual and costly methods of organization and pro- 
tection, the forestry department has succeeded, with- 
out curtailing the timber output of India, in so regu- 
lating forest exploitation as to insure not only a per- 
manence in the output, but also to improve the wood- 
lands by favoring the valuable species, and thus pre- 
paring for an increase of output for the future, and at the 
same time has yielded the Government a steadily grow- 
