Silviculture. 343° 
In some parts of the large gregarious bamboos are a 
serious obstacle to reproduction. The only chance for 
reproduction exists when they flower and die. Killing 
the bamboos by cutting the annual shoots proved a fail- 
ure, but burning over the whole area and sowing seems 
to be followed by success. 
In other parts, as in the large Teak forests of Burma, - 
as well as of other provinces, the useless kinds of trees: 
are girdled, huge climbers are cut off, and a steady war 
is waged against all species detrimental to teak regen-: 
eration with satisfactory results. With Teak even. 
planting on a larger scale is resorted to, especially by” 
means of taungyas, i. e. plantations, where the native 
is allowed to burn down a piece of woods, use it for a 
few years as field (though it is never really cleared) on 
condition of planting it with teak, being paid a certain 
sum for every hundred trees found in a thrifty condi- 
tion at the time of giving up his land. Similarly, the 
department has expended large sums in attempting to 
establish forests in parts of the arid region of Beluchis- 
tan, and on the whole during 1894-95 about $150,000 
were expended on cultural operations, which up to 
that time involved about 76,000 acres of regular plan- 
tations and 36,000 acres tawngyas (mostly teak), mak- 
ing a total of 112,000 acres, besides numerous large 
areas where the work consisted merely in aiding natural 
reproduction. 
But in 1902 the plantations seem to have been re- 
duced to 63,000 acres, (probably through failures), the 
taungyas however increased to 64,000 acres, and the 
budget for plantings and other cultural measures. 
formed nearly two per cent. of the gross revenues, 
