Working Plans. 345 
A map, prepared by the survey branch naturally 
forms the basis of the plan. The form of the plan is 
prescribed by the provincial regulations, and the 
preparation is also carried on by the provincial service 
under advice and supervsion of the imperial depart- 
ment. The “strip valuation survey’’, which Brandis 
introduced, covering sometimes as much as 30 per cent. 
of the area, is employed in determining number of 
trees and sizes, growing stock and cut, modeled after 
the European practice, except that little, perhaps too 
little, money is spent on their elaboration, especially 
on determining the proper amount of cut. That the 
cut is controlled at all is the most important result. 
6. Education and Literature. 
In 1866, Sir Dietrich Brandis selected as assistants 
two young men who had been trained in the Forest 
Schools of Germany—in turn his successors—and at 
the same time arrangements were made for the train- 
ing of young Englishmen in the forest schools of France 
and Germany. At the end of 1875 the professional 
education was entirely transferred to Nancy. The 
present force of Conservators is composed largely of 
these men. For some reason, the training of men in 
Germany and France became unpopular, and this 
objection finally led, in 1884, to the establishment of 
a chair of forestry at Cooper’s Hill College for Engineer- 
ing in England. At first, the course of study extended 
over 26 months, during 22 of which the candidates 
prosecuted their studies at the college; the remaining 
four months being spent under suitable supervision 
in selected British and Continental forests. 
