Education and Literature. 347 
teaching is given in English for rangers, the other in 
which the instruction is given in the vernacular for 
foresters. Courses extend over 23} months. The 
training is not high but it seems to answer the purpose 
very well. The Dehra Dun forest school provides the 
rangers for the provinces. The Bombay Presidency 
had for some time their own forest school in connection 
with the Engineering College at Poona, but this is now 
abandoned. 
Forest Experiments and Investigations have never 
been systematically instituted, being left to individual 
initiative, but lately provision has been made in con- 
nection with the Dehra Dun school. 
Besides a monthly journal, the Indian Forester 
which came into existence in 1875 by Schlich’s initia- 
tive, and the annual reports of the various conservators 
and of the Inspector-General, a small book literature 
has developed within the last ten or fifteen years. 
Descriptive volumes of note are J. S. Gamble’s 
Manual of Indian Timbers, new edition, 1902; Trees, 
Shrubs and Woody Climbers of Bombay Presidency by 
W. A. Talbot; 1902; Ribbentrop’s Forestry in British 
India, 1900, and the earlier publication of H. R. Mor- 
gan, Forestry in Southern India; Brandis’ Indian For- 
estry and Distribution of Forests in India. Qf profes- 
sional interest are E. E. Fernandez Manual of Indian 
Silviculture, unfortunately out of print; the same 
author’s Forest Industries; D’Arcy’s Manual on For- 
est Working Plans; C. C. Roger’s Manual of Forest En- 
gineering in India, and B. H. Baden-Powell, Forest Law. 
The influence of the development of the Indian For- 
est Service on the forest policy of other British colonies 
