358 Canada. 
exports of forest products thus increased absolutely, 
relatively to other exports they have considerably 
declined, i. e. the lumber industry has not grown pro- 
portionally to other developments, for while in 1868 
forest products formed 34 percent of the total export, 
in 1904 they represented only about half that figure. 
The same conclusion, namely that the lumber busi- 
ness has not increased rapidly in the last 25 years, may 
be derived from the report of the Decennial Census. 
While for 1890 the total cut amounted to over 5 billion 
feet and its value to nearly $80 million, in 1900 the cut 
fell below 4 billion and its value to $53 million. 
A measure of the depletion of the great staple White 
Pine is found in the statement that from 1865 to 1893 
the average size of pieces decreased by one-quarter to 
one-third, and that in 1863 over 23 million cubic feet 
were exported from Quebec as against 1.5 million 
feet in 1904, while the price had more than quadrupled 
in that period. Spruce has here taken the place of 
pine, and Ontario is now the main producer of pine. 
Spruce, and especially pulpwood, forms an ever in- 
creasing item in cut and export, export of pulpwood 
having increased sevenfold in the last decade, to nearly 
$2 million, and of woodpulp to over $3 million. 
A notable economic improvement has taken place 
during the last ten or fifteen years in that the propor- 
tion of raw materials exported, especially logs and 
square timber, has decreased in favor of manufactures. 
While originally the home country took the bulk of 
exports of forest products, the cut of Ontario has been 
‘always, duty or no duty, sent almost entirely to the 
United States. In the last six or eight years, the ex- 
