360 Canada. 
1784 such grants were made along the St. Lawrence 
and the Bay of Quinte to veterans of the loyalist army, 
some 20,000, in lots of 200 acres for privates up to 
5,000 acres for.field officers. In 1791 every seventh 
section was ordered to be set aside as Clergy Reserves 
for the support of the Protestant Church, a measure 
which created much friction, and formed, especially 
in the Roman Catholic province of Quebec, a chief 
grievance in starting the Papineau revolution of 1837. 
Some 3,300,000 acres were gradually withdrawn for 
this purpose, and as far as possible leased to secure an 
income. Some of these lands were sold after 1827, 
and finally, in 1853, a statute was passed to sell the 
remainder and turn over the proceeds to municipalities 
for educational purposes and local improvement. 
Extensive grants and sales were made to lumbermen 
and speculators. In this manner, by the granting of 
13,000 acres to an American, Philemon Wright, in 1800, 
the great lumber industry of Ottawa was started, and, 
in 1836, another American syndicate secured about a 
million acres of grants. Out of the 50 million acres 
granted in aid of railroad construction, some portion 
must also have been in timber. By all these methods 
as well as by small grants and sales to settlers a large 
area of uncertain extent has become private property. 
In Nova Scotia nearly the entire government do- 
main has passed by grant and sale into private hands, 
one-half in small holdings. Out of 3.5 million acres 
less than 100,000 acres remain, outside of Cape Breton 
Island, subject to lease. About 1,500,000 acres of 
timberland is in private hands. Similarly, in Prince 
Edward’s Island, the 800 square miles of woodland 
