ROSE FAMILY 
Calyx.—Urn-shaped, more or less tomentose, five-lobed; lobes 
acute, finally reflexed, persistent, imbricate in bud. 
Corolla.—Petals five, obovate, erose, inserted on the calyx, im- 
bricate in bud. 
Stamens.—Fifteen to twenty, inserted with the petals; filaments 
thread-like ; anthers introrse, two-celled; cells opening longitudi- 
nally. 
Pistils.—Ovary of two to five carpels inserted in the bottom of the 
calyx tube, united with it ; styles two to five. 
Fruit—Drupe-like pome with bony seeds, globular or elongated, 
crowned with the calyx lobes, dull red, sometimes yellow, marked 
by many small white spots, three-fourths to one inch in length; 
flesh thin and dry; nutlets rounded and grooved on the back. 
Ripens in September and falls at once. Somewhat edible. 
All the thorns are trees of the pasture lands. The com- 
mon story of them all is that they love the moist, rich, alluvial 
soil, but failing that they will grow in upland fields, not soli- 
tary only but in thickets. Even the best of them in its best 
estate and in that most favoring region on this continent, 
northern Louisiana and Texas, can only reach the height of 
thirty feet, hence they are doomed in the forest to become of 
the second grade and to grow in the shade. In the forest 
they are outclassed by many a rapid grower, but in the 
pastures, not so. The seeds of ash, maple, and willow may 
iodge in the pasture land, they may find congenial soil and 
favoring climate, but they have no protection against the 
grazing flocks and they yield in the contest. But the thorns 
present so sharp a defence that in time they triumph over the 
hard conditions and not only live but flourish, 
