ELM FAMILY 
They come out of the bud conduplicate, pale green and hairy, when 
full grown are thick, firm, smooth, dark green above and_ paler 
green beneath. Feather-veined. In autumn they turn a bright 
clear yellow. Petioles short, hairy. Stipules ovate - lanceolate, 
veined, green with red margins, clasping with united bases. 
Flowers.—March, April, before the leaves. Perfect, greenish, 
borne in three-flowered clusters on long drooping pedicles. 
Calyx.—Campanulate, seven to eight-lobed; lobes oblong, 
rounded. 
Corolla.—Wanting. 
Stamens.—Seven to eight, exserted ; filaments light green; an- 
thers oblong, dark purple, extrorse, two-celled; cells opening longi- 
tudinally. 
Pistil.—Ovary superior, one-celled, hairy, with two styles ; ovule 
solitary. 
Fruit.—Samaras, winged all round, mature in May when leaves 
are half grown, ovate, half an inch long, faces downy, margin 
densely ciliate ; wing narrow in proportion to the seed. 
The Cork Elm is perhaps the most valuable tree of the 
genus, as it possesses all the good qualities of the family 
and none of the bad ones. It is strong, tough, easy to work, 
takes a fine polish, in short, is so useful that it is likely to be 
exterminated. Its range is 
quite limited, extending 
through northern New York 
and southern Michigan to 
Nebraska, Missouri, and mid- 
dle Tennessee. It is some- 
times called the Hickory Elm 
and often the Cliff Elm. Its 
leaves are about the size of 
those of the White Elm and 
have the elm shape, unequal 
Cork Elm, Ulus racemosa. 
Samaras 14! long. 
at base, oval, doubly serrate 
and acute. The tree may be known in the spring by the 
raceme of drooping blossoms and later by its samaras. But 
at any time, the irregular corky ridges which grow from 
every side of the branches and branchlets give the tree a 
strange shaggy appearance and mark it unmistakably. 
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