OAK FAMILY 
eleven to thirteen pairs of primary veins. The foliage mass 
isa light yellow green, the tree in the open becomes round- 
topped. The acorns are large, long-oval, usually in pairs and 
borne in deep cups which are rough outside and very downy 
within. ‘They are endowed with the power of quick germina- 
tion and scarcely reach the ground before the shell breaks 
and the radicle protrudes. The kernel is sweetish and eager- 
ly eaten by the squirrels. ‘The fruit is never abundant. 
YELLOW OAK. CHESTNUT OAK. CHINQUAPIN 
Quercus acuminata, 
A tree varying from thirty to one hundred or one hundred and 
sixty feet high, head small, narrow, round-topped. Prefers a lime- 
stone soil, ranges from New York westward through southern On- 
tario to southeastern Nebraska and eastern Kansas, southward in 
the Atlantic region to the District of Columbia, and west of the 
Alleghanies southward to the Gulf of Mexico. 
Bark.—Light silvery gray, sometimes white, scaly. Branchlets 
reddish green at first, then dark brown, finally gray or brown. 
TVood.—Dark brown, sapwood pale brown ; heavy, hard, strong, 
close-grained, durable in contact with the soil. Used for fencing, 
cooperage, manufacture of wheels and railway ties. Sp. gr., 0.8605 ; 
weight of cu. ft., 53.63 lbs. 
Winter Buds.—Pale chestnut brown, ovate, acute, one-fourth of 
an inch long. 
Leaves.—Alternate, four to seven inches long and two to five inches 
broad, oblong or lanceolate, wedge-shaped or rounded at base, sinu- 
ately toothed, teeth acute or rounded, each tipped witha small gland- 
ular point, apex acute or acuminate. They come out of the bud 
convolute, bronze green, hairy above, tomentose below, when full 
grown are thick, light yellow green above, pale often silvery white, ‘ 
downy below ; midribs stout, yellow ; primary veins conspicuous. In 
autumn they turn deep yellow and scarlet. Petioles slender, slightly 
flattened. Stipules linear or lanceolate, brown, caducous. 
Flowers.—May, when leaves are one-third grown. Staminate flow- 
ers borne in hairy aments, three or four inches long; calyx light yel- 
low, hairy, deeply six to eight-parted; filaments short; anthers yel- 
low. Pistillate flowers sessile or borne in short spikes, tomentose; 
stigmas bright red. 
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