OAK FAMILY 
Bark.- Light brown; branchlets ut first dark green and scurfy, 
finaly reddish brown or ashen gray ; charged with tannic acid. 
Winter Buds.—Light brown, ovate or globose, obtuse, one-eighth 
of an inch long. 
Leaves.— Alternate, obovate or oblong, three to six inches long, one 
to three inches wide, wedge-shaped at base, coarsely undulate-toothed 
with rounded or acute teeth, acute or acuminate apex ; midrib and 
primary veins conspicuous. They come out of the bud convolute, 
reddish yellow, hairy above, coated with silver tomentum below, with 
dark glands at the points of the teeth, when full grown dark yellow 
green, rather shining above, pale green or silvery white, covered 
with soft fine pubescence below. In autumn they turn bright orange 
and scarlet. Petioles stout, short, flattened, grooved ; stipules ca- 
ducous. 
Flowers.—Appear when leaves are one-third grown. Staminate 
aments one and one-half to two and one-half inches long, hairy. 
Calyx is pale yellow green, hairy, five to nine-lobed. Stamens five 
to nine; filaments slender ; anthers yel- 
low. Pistillate flowers on short pedun- 
cles; involucral scales covered with sil- 
very white tomentum ; stigmas bright 
red, 
Acorus.—Abundant, annual, sessile 
or stalked ; nut oval, rounded or obtuse 
at apex which is covered with white 
down, pale chestnut brown, shining, 
one-half to three-fourths of an inch long; 
Chinquapin Oak, Quercus primofdes, Seed sweet ; cup covers one-half to two- 
Acorns 14/ to 3,/ long. thirds of the nut, thin, deeply cup- 
shaped, light brown and downy inside, 
hoary with tomentum outside. Scales looscly imbricated, red- 
tipped, acute, thickened toward the base of the cup. The acorns 
are not only eaten by swine and cattle but the wild creatures like 
them as well. 
SWAMP WHITE OAK 
Quéreus platanoides. Quercus bicolor. 
Ordinarily sixty to seventy feet high maximum height, one hun- 
dred and ten, with narrow round-topped head and_ pendulous 
branches. Ranges from Quebec to Georgia and westward to 
Arkansas. Never abundant. Loves the borders of swamps. 
Bark.—Gray brown, deeply fissured into flat ridges, scaly. 
Branches greenish gray, smooth. On young stems smooth, flaky. 
Branchlets at first stout, green, shining, later reddish brown, finally 
gray brown or dark brown. 
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