OAK FAMILY 
Wood.—Pale brown, sapwood the same; h- 
tough, coarse-grained, checks in drying. Used in construction, in- 
terior finish of houses, carriage and boat building, agricultural im- 
plements, railway ties, fuel and fencing. Sp. gr., 0.7662 ; weight 
of cu. ft., 47.75 lbs. 
Winter Buds.—Pale chestnut brown, hairy, ovate, one-fourth of 
an inch long. 
Leaves.—Alternate, five to six inches long, two to four inches 
broad, obovate or oblong-obovate, gradually narrowed and wedge- 
shaped at base, margin coarsely sinuate-dentate or sometimes 
almost pinnately lobed, apex rounded, sometimes acute; mid- 
rib stout, pale, rounded above; primary veins conspicuous. 
They come out of the bud convolute, pale bronze green, hairy 
above, coated below with silvery tomentum ; when full grown 
are thick, bright yellow green above, pale green, downy, often sil- 
very white, below. In autumn they turn dull yellow bronze. 
Petioles short, stout, grooved and flattened. Stipules linear, brown, 
caducous. 
flowers.—May, when leaves are half grown. Staminate flowers 
are borne in hairy aments three to four inches long; calyx yel- 
lowish-green, hairy, five to nine-lobed ; lobes narrow, acute, short- 
er than the stamens; filaments slender, anthers yellow.  Pistillate 
flowers are borne on tomentose or long peduncles, in few-flowered 
spikes ; involucral scales covered with thick rusty tomentum ; stig- 
mas bright red. 
dcorns.—Annual, on long peduncles, often in pairs. Nut pale 
chestnut brown, oval, broad at base, pubescent at apex, an inch 
to an inch and a half long; cup, cup- 
shaped, light brown and downy with- 
in, chestnut brown without, roughened 
toward the base by the thickened tips 
of the acute scales, higher on the cup 
these are small, crowded, often free, 
and sometimes form a fringe about the 
rim. Kernel, white, sweet. 
Unlike the White Oak whose 
leaves unfold a beautiful red, those 
of the Swamp White come out a 
bronze green; their autumnal tint 
Swamp White Oak, Quercus : ; 
plalanotdes. Acorns 1% to is a dull yellow without a gleam of 
, yy. 5 “ 
Vs" long. red; this quickly changes to a pale 
yellow brown, 
The famous Wadsworth oak, so named from the estate on 
which it grew, was a Swamp White Oak, It stood tor many 
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