PIN OAK 
torm but as they do not resemble those or any other oak, 
the tree may be readily recognized. It is recommended as 
a shade tree for cities in the south Atlantic and Gulf states. 
PIN OAK. SWAMP SPANISH OAK 
Quéreus palistris. 
Usually fifty to seventy feet high, maximum height one hundred 
and twenty, with pyramidal head and somewhat pendulous branches. 
Loves a moist rich soil and is found on the borders of swamps and 
in river bottoms ; attainsits greatest size in the valley of the Ohio. 
Ranges from Massachusetts to Kentucky and westward to Arkan- 
sas and Indian Territory. Roots deep and also spreading. Bark 
filled with tannic acid. 
Bark.—Pale, steel-brown, generally smooth, sometimes scaly ; 
young stems and branches smooth, pale brown, shining. Branch- 
lets slender, tough, dark red at first, tomentose, later becoming 
reddish brown and finally gray brown. 
Wood.—Pale brown with dark colored sapwood; heavy, hard, 
strong, coarse-grained. Sometimes used in construction. Sp. gr., 
0.6938 ; weight of cu. ft., 43.24 lbs. 
Winter Buds.— Chestnut brown, ovate, acute, one-eighth of an 
inch long. 
Leaves.—Alternate, four to six inches long, two to four inches 
wide, obovate or broadly oval in outline, base wedge-shaped, five 
to seven-lobed, sinuses wide and deep, rounded at bottom ; termi- 
nal lobe three-toothed toward apex, or entire lateral lobes spread- 
ing or oblique or falcate, tapering and acute at apex or obovate 
and broad at apex.’ The middle pairs are longer than the others, 
dentate-lobed ; lobes and teeth ending in long slender bristles. 
They come out of the bud, convolute, pale reddish green, shining 
and hairy above, covered with whitish scurfy down below; when full 
grown are dark, shining green above, pale green below, bearing 
tufts of pale hairs in the axils of the primary veins; midribs stout, 
rounded above, primary veins conspicuous. They turn a deep 
scarlet in autumn and fall late. Petioles yellowish, one-half to two 
inches long. Stipules red, one-half of an inch long, become brown 
before falling. 
Flowers.—May, when leaves are half grown. Staminate flowers 
are borne in hairy catkins from two to three inches long; pistillate 
flowers on short tomentose peduncles. Calyx of staminate flower is 
hairy, divided into four or five oblong rounded segments, cut at the 
margins, shorter than the four or five stamens ; anthers oblong, yel- 
low. The involucral scales of the pistillate flower are ovate, 
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