OAK FAMILY 
tomentose, shorter than the calyx-lobes; stigmas bright red, re- 
curved. 
Acorns.—Ripen in the autumn of the second season; sessile or 
short-stalked, solitary or clustered ; nut nearly hemispherical, about 
one-half an inch long, less in breadth, tight brown, usually striate ; 
cup thin, shallow, saucer-shaped, dark red brown and hairy within 
and covered by closely appressed ovate, light reddish brown scales, 
darkest along the margin. Kernel bitter. 
The Pin Oak when young isa most graceful tree. The 
stem rises an unbroken shaft; the branches at the top are 
short, the middle branches are long and 
drooping and rather overbear the lower ones 
which sometimes sweep the ground, thus form- 
ing the beautiful pyramidal head character- 
istic of the species. The leaves are small, 
deeply lobed, borne on long petioles which 
allow them to toss in the wind. These 
Pin Oak, Quercus 
5 palustris, Acorns 
leaves are the especial prey of a gall-fly and ¥ long. 
are frequently covered with small brown galls. 
The acorns are small, ight brown, striped. The name 
Pin Oak seems to refer to the great number of tiny branches 
which are intermingled with the large ones. Of this tree Mi- 
chaux says, “Its secondary branches are much more slender 
and numerous than is common on so large a tree and are so 
intermingled as to give it at a distance the appearance of 
being full of pins. This singular disposition renders it dis- 
tinguishable at first sight in winter and is perhaps the cause 
of its being called Pin Oak.” 
BEAR OAK. SCRUB OAK 
Qucreus iheifola. Quercus pumila. 
A shrub, with numerous intertwined and contorted branches, oc- 
casionally becoming a small round-topped tree. Found in New 
England and along the Alleghanies, on rocky hillsides and on sandy 
plains. 
Bark.—Dark brown, smooth, scaly. Branchlets slender, at first 
dark green, tinged with red, tomentose, later red brown and finally 
dark brown. 
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