WILLOW FAMILY 
coarsely serrate, and in the pubescence which when young is 
found on both leaves and petioles. The buds and apex of 
the growing shoots are heavily laden with a fragrant gum- 
my secretion. 
COTTONWOOD 
Pépulus deltoides, Pédpulus monilifera.  Pépulus anguldta, 
Deltoides, like the Greek letter delta, refers to the shape of the 
leaf; monilifera refers to the necklace-like pistillate ament ; 
anyulata refers to the angled stem of the shoots. 
Comparatively rare and of small size in the eastern states, the 
Cottonwood is the largest and most abundant tree along the streams 
between the Appalachian and the Rocky Mountains, reaching the 
height of a hundred feet. 
Bark.—On old trees ashy gray and deeply divided 
into broad rounded ridges broken into scales which 
cover the light yellow inner bark. On young stems 
and branchlets smooth light yellow green tinged with 
red. Young shoots become angular in their second 
year. 
IVood.—Dark brown, sapwood nearly white ; light, 
soft, close-grained, not strong. Warps badly in dry- 
ing; is now used only in the manufacture of paper- 
pulp, cheap packing cases and fuel. Sp. gr., 0.3889 ; 
weight of cu. ft., 24.24 lbs. 
Leaf Buds.—Resinous, shining, acute, chestnut 
brown, half an inch long. Flower-buds -ovate, ob- 
tuse, half an inch long. ; 
Leaves.—Alternate, three to five inches in length, 
deltoid or broadly ovate, truncate, slightly cordate or 
wedge-shaped at base, crenately-serrate with coarse, 
incurved, glandular teeth. They come from the bud 
involute, gummy, fragrant with balsamic odor, pale 
green or tawny, drooping, but at maturity they are 
thick, bright shining green above, paler green be- 
neath. In autumn they turn a clear bright yellow. 
Petioles slender, two to three inches long, compressed 
laterally, yellow or red. Stipules vary in size, cadu- 
Winter Branch cous: 
Wf (CSStane Flowers.—March, April, before the leaves. Stam- 
wood, Popu- inate trees densely flowered, aments tnree to four 
lus deltoides. inches long, one-half inch thick. Scales are scarious, 
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