PINE FAMILY 
Bark.—On old trees dark gray, divided by shallow fissures into 
broad scaly ridges. On young stems and branches, thin, smooth, 
lustrous, brownish green. Branchlets slender at first covered with 
rusty tomentum, later they become dark yellow brown, smooth, 
becoming darker as the branch becomes older. 
Charged with tannic acid. 
IVood.—Light brown, sapwood nearly white ; light, 
soft, compact, straight-grained, very resinous, easily 
worked, takes a fine polish. Pumpkin pine is the 
close-grained valuable wood of large trees that have 
grown to a great age on rich well-drained soil. Used 
for lumber, shingles, cabinet-making, interior of 
houses, masts and spars of vessels. Sp. gr., 0.3854; 
weight of cu. ft., 24.02 Ibs. 
Buds.—The branch buds are ovate-oblong, acu- 
minate, covered by ovate-lanceolate, light brown 
scales ; terminal bud usually about one-half an inch 
long, sometimes as short as the lateral ones that 
surround it. 
Leaves.—In clusters of fives; they come out of 
the buds which are enclosed under the scales of the 
branch bud. The buds of leaf clusters are covered 
by eight scales which lengthen with the growing 
leaves. The leaves when full grown are soft, slen- 
der, bluish green, glaucous, three to five inches long, 
sharply serrate, mucronate with pale tip; usually 
turn yellow and fall in September of second year. 
Fibro-vascular bundle one; sheath loose, decid- 
uous. 
Flowers.—June. Staminate flowers oval, light 
White Pine, Pius brown, about one-third of an inch long, surrounded 
strobus. Leaves Jy six to eight involucral bracts ; anthers with short 
3/ to 4f long. crests; involucral bracts six to eight. Pistillate 
flowers cylindrical, subterminal, about one-fourth 
an inch long; scales pinkish purple on the margins; peduncles 
stout, clothed with bracts. Pollen very abundant. 
Cones.—Subterminal, drooping, cylindrical, often slightly curved, 
four to six inches long, one inch in diameter. Mature in autumn of 
second year; open and discharge seeds during September and fall 
gradually during the winter and early spring. Scales one and one- 
fourth to one and one-half inches long. Seven-eighths of an inch 
wide, oblong-ovate, slightly thickened at apex, obtuse or nearly trun- 
cate, without spine or prickle; seeds red brown, mottled ; wing 
nearly an inch long ; cotyledons eight to ten. 
Its cloudy boughs singing as suiteth the pine, 
To snow bearded sea kings, old songs of the brine. 
—James RusseLL LOWELL, 
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