PINE FAMILY 
RED PINE. NORWAY PINE. CANADIAN PINE 
is 
Pinus rvesinosa, 
Usually seventy to eighty feet high, with straight trunk two to 
three feet diameter ; 
in old age forming an open picturesque head. 
Range ‘s northward from Newfoundland to Manitoba, in United 
Red Pine, Pinus resinosa. 
Leaves 4’ to 6’ long. 
States is most abundant in Michigan, Wis- 
consin, and Minnesota. Found on dry gravel- 
ly or light sandy soils, or dry rocky ridges. 
Grows rapidly in cultivation. 
Bark.—Bright reddish brown, divided by 
shallow fissures into shallow scaly ridges. 
Branchlets stout, smooth, pale orange at first, 
then darker orange and finally reddish brown. 
Charged with tannic acid. 
IVood.—Pale red, sapwood yellow or white; 
light, hard, close-grainecd. Contains broad, 
dark-colored, very resinous bands of small 
summer cells. Used for buildings, bridges, 
piles, masts and spars ; largely exported from 
Canada. Sp. gr., 0.4854; weight of cu. ft., 
30.25 lbs. 
Luds.—Branch-buds ovate, acute, one to 
three-fourths of an inch long, covered with 
loosely imbricated, pale brown scales ; bases 
of scales persistent for several years. 
Leaves.—In clusters of two; four to six 
inches long, slender, flexible, dark green, 
shining, serrulate, acute with callous tips; 
fibro-vascular bundles two ; sheaths firm, per- 
sistent, half an inch to an inch long. 
Flowers.--Staminate flowers borne in a 
dense cluster on the recent shoots, occupying 
the place of the leaves for an inch or more. 
linear-oblong, one-fourth to three-fourths of 
an inch long; anthers dark reddish purple 
with orbicular toothed crests ; scales six, de- 
ciduous by articulation above the base. Pistil- 
late flowers terminal, almost globular ; scales 
scarlet, ovate, borne on stout peduncles cov- 
ered with pale brown bracts. 
Cones.—Subterminal, solitary or clustered, mature the second 
year, ovate-conical, two to two and one-half inches long, smooth, 
oD) 
scales slightly thickened at the apex, rounded, devoid of spine or 
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