PiNE FAMILY 
Leaves.—In clusters ot three, slender, stiff, sligutly twisted, acute 
with callous tips, serrulate, pale green, glaucous, six to ten inches 
long; fibro-vascular bundles two. Sheaths close, thin. 
Flowers.—April, May. Staminate flowers clustered, cylindrical, 
three-fourths of aninch long; anthers yellow with rounded denticu- 
late crests ; involucral bracts eight to ten. Pistillate flowers lateral, 
not far from the apex of the growing shoot which is several inches 
long before they appear ; solitary or in pairs, sometimes in clusters of 
three. Scales yellow ; peduncles short, covered by brown acuminate 
bracts. 
Cones.—Lateral, ovate-oblong, three to five inches long. Scales 
armed with stout recurved prickles, shghtly concave, rounded at the 
apex. Seeds dark brown blotched with black, rhomboidal; wings 
thin, fragile, three-fourths of an inch long. 
Scales thickened at apex, transverse ridge prominent, armed with 
stout recurved prickles, slightly concave, rounded. 
PITCH PINE. TORCH PINE 
Pinus rigida. 
Usually fifty or sixty feet in height, with short trunk; bears 
cones when quite small; capable of producing vigorous shoots from 
both stem and stump after injury by fire. Bears both primary and 
secondary leaves. Ranges from New Brunswick to Georgia, west- 
ward to Kentucky and Tennessee. Found in dry sands or rocky 
soil and in cold deep swamps. Ascends 3,000 feet above the sea 
in Virginia. 
Bark.—Dark reddish brown, with deep fissures and broad, flat, 
scaly ridges. On young stems thin and broken into plate-like, dark, 
red brown strips. Branchlets smooth, bright green at first, become 
orange yellow, finally a dark gray brown. 
1Vood.—Light brown or red, sapwood yellow or white; light, soft, 
not strong, coarse-grained, durable, very resinous. Used for lum- 
ber, fuel, and charcoal. Sp. gr., 0.5151; weight of cu. ft., 32.10 lbs. 
Buds.—Branch-buds obovate-oblong, acute, one to three-fourths 
of an inch long; scales dark brown, shining, fringed ; bases per- 
sistent for years, 
Leaves.—Primary leaves are often borne on vigorous shoots start- 
ing from an injured trunk. Secondary leaves in clusters of three, 
stout, rigid, dark yellow green, three to five inches long ; fibro- 
vascular bundles two; sheaths one-half to one inch long. 
frlowers.—April, May. Staminate flowers clustered on the stem, 
cytindrical, three-fourths of an inch long; anthers yellow with nearly 
orbicular entire crests; involucral bracts six to eight. Pistillate 
flowers lateral, clustered ; scales pale green tinged with rose, acute, 
with slender tips ; peduncles covered with dark brown bracts, ‘ 
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