PINE FAMILY 
Cones.—Ovoid-conical or ovate, one to three inches long, often 
clustered ; scales thickened at apex, the transverse ridge acute, 
armed with short recurved prickles, flat. Often 
persist on the branches for several years. Seeds 
nearly triangular, dark brown mottled with black ; 
wings three-fourths of an inch long, broadest below 
the middle. 
The Pitch Pine is, perhaps, the most virile of 
the genus; it certainly flourishes under most 
adverse conditions, for it will “cling like a 
limpet to the rocks,” or it will go down to the 
barren sands of the sea-shore and cover vast 
tracts so densely that the moving dunes can 
move no more. It is even tolerant of a salt 
sea bath. It is the only pine that can send 
forth shoots after injury by fire. 
Its economic value is not great, the wood is 
too thoroughly saturated with resin to be val- 
uable as lumber. Its value is chiefly as fuel. 
Tar and turpentine can be obtained from it 
but much more easily and of better quality 
from the southern pines. In dense woods the 
Pitch Pine, Pius’ trunk grows erect but in the open it becomes 
rigida. Leaves 
3/ to 5/ long. tortuous, angled and often picturesque. 
JERSEY PINE. SCRUB PINE 
Pinus virginiana. Pinus inéps. 
Usually thirty or forty feet high with a short trunk, long horizontal 
branches in remote whorls forming a broad pyramidal head. Found 
on light sandy soil and especially in Virginia and Maryland on ex- 
hausted lands. In Indiana it is found one hundred feet high. In 
Virginia it ascends 3,300 feet above the sea. 
Bark,—Dark brown with reddish tinge, divided by shallow fissures 
into flat scaly plates. Branchlets are pale green and glaucous at 
first, sometimes with purple tinge, finally becoming pale gray 
brown. 
WVood.—Pale orange, sapwood nearly white ; light, soft, brittle, 
slightly resinous. Sp. gr., 0.5309; weight of cu. ft., 33.09 lbs. 
450 
