PINE FAMILY 
vascular bundles two. 
covered with brown bracts. 
Jersey Pine, 
Pinus virgin- 
tana. Leaves i 
14 to 3 brown; wings broadest at middle, 
long. thin, smooth, one-third of an inch long. 
YELLOW PINE. SHORTLEAF PINE. 
SPRUCE PINE 
Pinus echinata. 
Usually eighty or one hundred feet high, with a tall 
tapering stem and a short pyramidal head of slender 
branches. Trunks injured by fire will often produce 
shoots which are covered with lanceolate, long- 
pointed, gray green primary leaves. Ranges in 
sandy soil from southern New York to Florida and 
west to Illinois, Kansas and Texas. Often forms 
pure forests. A valuable timber tree, sometimes 
worked for turpentine. Fruits when very young. 
Bark.—Pale reddish brown, irregularly fissured, 
covered with small appressed scales. Branchlets 
stout, pale green or purple, glaucous, later become 
red brown, finally dark brown. 
Iood.—Orange or yellow brown, sapwood nearly 
white ; varies in quality, the best is heavy, hard, 
strong, coarse-grained, very resinous. Sp. gr., 0. 6104; 
weight of cu. ft., 38.04 Ibs. 
Leaves.—Borne in clusters of two, or of three, 
458 
year. 
Cones.—Lateral, oblong-conical, more or 
curved, one to three inches long, persistent for three 
or four years. Scales nearly flat, thickened at apex, 
armed with persistent prickles. Seeds 
dark 
oval, 
Buds.—Branch-buds ovate, acute, about one-half 
an inch long, covered with acute, ovate, brown scales, 
leaving their thickened base as they fall. 
Leaves.—In clusters of two, stout, bright green, 
one and one-half to three inches long, twisted, soft, 
fragrant, serrulate, acute with callous points; fibro- 
Flowers.—April, May. Staminate flowers in 
crowded clusters, oblong, one-third of an inch long ; 
anthers brownish yellow with orbicular denticulate 
crests; involucral bracts eight.  Pistillate 
near the middle of the shoot of the 
globose, scales pale green, ovate with long, slender, 
reddish tips; scales orbicular. Peduncles 
flowers 
Sub- 
long, 
less 
pale 
brown, 
Yellow Pine, P#- 
nus echtnata 
Leaves 
5’ long. 
3’ te 
