PINE FAMILY 
rarely of four, slender, dark blue green, serrulate, acute, with 
callous tips, soft, three to five inches long; fibro-vascular bundles 
two. Sheaths thin, silvery white at first, later become dark grayish 
brown. Persist from two to five years. 
Flowers.—Staminate flowers in short crowded clusters, near the 
tip of the growing shoots, oblong-cylindrical, three-quarters of an 
inch long; anthers pale purple with orbicular, slightly denticulate 
crests; involucral bracts eight to ten. Pistillate flowers in clusters 
of two, three or four, subterminal, oblong or subglobose, one-third 
of an inch long; scales ovate, rose pink, with slender tips; bracts 
nearly orbicular. 
Cones.—Lateral, very abundant, ovate or oblong-conical, one and 
a half to two and a half inches long, persist several years. Scales 
nearly flat, obtuse, thickened at apex, marked with a prominent 
transverse ridge, armed with small, slender, nearly straight, de- 
ciduous prickles. Seeds triangular, brown, mottled with black ; 
wings broadest at the middle, thin, pale brown, one-half an inch 
long. 
GRAY PINE. JACK PINE. SCRUB PINE 
Pinus divaricdta. 
Frequently seventy feet high with straight branchless trunk, long 
spreading branches forming an open symmetrical head ; often much 
shorter and sometimes shrubby. Fruits when very young. A north- 
ern tree, ranging from Nova Scotia southward to Maine, New Hamp- 
shire, and Vermont, westward to northern Indiana and Illinois, and 
in the northwest to the valley of the Mackenzie River, where it is 
the only pine tree. In sandy soil, sometimes 
forming exclusive forests. 
Bark.—Dark brown with reddish tinge, with 
shallow rounded ridges separating into small ap- 
pressed scales. Branchlets slender, tough, flex- 
ible, pale yellow green, becoming dark reddish 
purple and later dark purplish brown. 
Wood.—Pale brown, rarely yellow, sapwood 
nearly white; light, soft, not strong, close- 
grained. Used for fuel, railway ties, and posts. 
Indians prefer it for frames of canoes. 
Gray Pine, Pinus di- 
varicata, Leaves Buds.—Branch-buds ovate with rounded apex, 
to 2%! long. terminal bud one-fourth of an inch long, as long 
again as the lateral buds. Covered with ovate- 
lanceolate pale brown scales with spreading tips, whose bases 
aes after the body of the scale has fallen and roughen the 
ranch. 
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