PINE FAMILY 
northern states it grows abundantly on dry gravelly slopes 
and rocky ridges. 
A distinctive characteristic of the tree is the variation in the 
form of its leaves. Variation of form occurs among the leaves 
of the Sassafras and the Mulberry ; the Pitch Pine sometimes 
bears two forms ; the Red Cedar does so habitually. These 
are the awl-shaped and the scale-shaped. There seems to be 
no law that determines their production except that the awl- 
shaped always appear upon the young plants, but on mature 
plants the different forms occur upon the same branchlet. 
The awl-shaped are rigid, long-pointed, channelled and white 
glaucous above, yellow green and convex below. They vary 
in length from one-fourth to three-fourths of an inch. The 
scale-shaped are minute, closely appressed, acute or obtuse, 
and usually bear a glandular disk on the back. ‘They are op- 
posite but are so closely ranked that they make the leafy 
twig appear quadrangular. 
The wood of the Red Cedar is so valuable and has been 
used so lavishly that it has become extremely expensive. 
The present commercial supply is obtained chiefly from the 
swamps near the western coast of Florida. 
Few insects attack the Junipers, but they are the hosts of 
numbers of very interesting fungi. These fungi belong to 
the Rust family and are popularly known as Cedar Apples. 
The common Cedar Apple, Grwnosporangium macropus, es- 
pecially attacks the Red Cedar and forms tufts of bright yel- 
low, jelly-like masses, from orifices in which long yellow 
spurs protrude. These cling to the smaller twigs and are 
frequently believed to be the flowers of the tree, or else an 
astonishing kind of fruit. They will appear in a single night 
during the rainy season ; and a Red Cedar covered with these 
bright yellow masses of waving tongues is a remarkable 
sight. When the weather becomes dry these gelatinous 
masses contract and they are then seen to arise from the 
changed tissue of very young twigs. 
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