ocr., 1899.] ITINERARY. LL 
ated in a descending tongue of Shasta firs between ascending tongues 
of manzanita chaparral, just above the uppermost grove of ponderosa 
pines, on the boundary between the Canadian and Transition zones. 
It is abundantly supplied with water from several small springs, from 
which tiny streamlets run short distances before disappearing in the 
thirsty soil. Some of these springs unite to forin a small marsh, in 
which flourish a number of plants not found elsewhere on the mountain. 
It is naturally a favorite spot for birds, and more species were seen 
here than elsewhere. Wagon Camp was occupied continuously by one 
or more nembers of the party from July 15 to August 1, and at brief 
intervals thereafter until October 3. 
A few days after reaching the mountain I set out on a trip around 
the peak in order to become familiar with the general features of the 
region and lay plans for the season’s work. On this trip I was accom- 
panied by Vernon Bailey, my most experienced field assistant, and by a 
voluntary assistant, Lyman L. Merriam. We took saddle horses and 
a pack animal, which were of material aid, although we had much dif- 
ficulty in getting them across some of the deep canyons and over the 
indescribably rough lava on the west side of the mountain. 
Leaving Wagon Camp on the morning of July 22, we ascended Pan- 
ther Creek to its source, turned easterly through ‘The [South] Gate,’ 
north of Gray and Red buttes, crossed Squaw Creek near its head, and 
kept on among the timberline white-bark pines to the rim of Mud 
Creek Canyon (pl. 111), which we followed down into the Shasta firs. 
The first night was spent in the bottom of this canyon at an altitude 
of 5,600 feet—some distance below the lower fall. The second day we 
climbed the steep east bank of the canyon, here 1,000 feet deep (fig. 2), 
crossed Cold Creek and Ash Creek Canyon below timberline, and reached 
