ILLUSTRATIONS, 
PLATES. Facing 
page. 
PLaTE I. Mount Shasta from the west ...... 2.22. 0.2... eee eee ee eee Frontispiece. 
Il. Shasta from northwest, showing great snowbank in head of Diller 
Canny Ole ccicenaeeinge waste Aietee Dogaveelss Melee Soe eevee 18 
III. Southeast slope of Shasta, showing canyons of Mud Creek and 
Clear Creek. (Kindness of J. S. Diller) .-....-....2-...2---.---- 22 
IV. Tongue of dwarf white-bark pines at extreme upper limit of tim- 
berline. (Kindness of J. S. Diller).........-22.----..2--2.02---- 28 
V. Pine forest at west base of Shasta, showing yellow and sugar pines. 
(Kindness: of J. 8. DMMer). . . noc) eieainceecieewie wade cece. cciemenae 30 
TEXT FIGURES. 
rage. 
BIG: lss"Wiaiton Camp sss ccc aemecciecen seo tee Gosaccsoes Goeee eee dees ed 10 
2. Shasta from east brink of Mud Creek Canyon --...-..----.-.--------- 11 
3. Shasta from Inconstance Creek, near tim)erline on north side. ..--.. 12 
4. Shastina from north, showing great bank of snow which feeds Shas- 
tina Streanis-2 cosseczcecs es ose seeeerngdeesleneas e kees cess sendeesd 13 
5. Alpine hemlocks, Squaw Creck Camp -.....-...----2-.-------------- 13 
6. Heather meadow on Squaw Creek....2. 2.2222 ee eee eee ee 14 
7. Pumice sand strewn with gray volcanic shale. Young hemlocks in 
foreground; white-bark pines in distance ..........-...--2.---2-. 18 
8. Heather meadow bordering Squaw Creek. Shasta peak in distance 
covered with fresh snow, September 22, 1898__...-....-..-..------ 19 
9. Glacial meadow at head of Squaw Creek.........---.--.----------- 21 
10. Heather meadow on upper Squaw Creek, showing concentration of 
vegetation near stream........--.------------------ eee ee ee eee eee 23 
11. Miniature cascade on upper Squaw Creek, frequented by water shrews 
and, OUZEIS, «0023 sscsiweskelbanies aes cote Hee ee eaRiexes ee eeee tees 24 
12. Characteristic rock slope on north side of Shastina........-.....--- 25 
13. Track of avalanche invading forest of Shasta firs on Cold Creek, east 
siderof Shasta: 2 cmeme sees couse goes sie eat ebig edad sctas's Sie cls eke eS 27 
14. High timberline ridge, showing effects of slope exposure. (Photo- 
graphed by John H: Sage) sccccni. 00s ccccneseceseseelesieccee cece cee 29 
15. Manzanita chaparral on south slope of Shasta....-...-.-..--.--2--- 31 
16. Cones of ponderosa and Jeffrey pines. ..-....----..--..+2---+------- 32 
17. Knobcone pine on Panther Creek. ........-... 2-22-22 2-02-2222 2 eee 33 
18. Incense cedar on south slope below Wagon Camp....-..------------ 35 
19. Cone scales of Abies shastensis and Abies concolor lowiana...-...----- 37 
20.. Whit6-Darle PID e2.2.0 sccm natiecemiweae ancl eacnaiein eminsinmnededme sai 38 
21. Dwarf white-bark pines on a high ridge.......--..------------.---- 39 
22. Pumice plain north side of Shasta, showing timberline mats of 
white: bark pines) onic scace busi becoses eddie ceitecmieeipanionaice tees 40 
