oct., 1899.] BOREAL SPECIES OF SHASTA AND SIERRA-CASCADES. 71 
species that occur on Shasta, with reference to their occurrence in the 
Sierra or Cascades or both; and ()) Boreal species that oceur on the 
Sierra or the Cascades or both, but which, so far as known, are absent 
from Shasta. 
BOREAL SPECIES OF SHASTA CONSIDERED WITH REFERENCE 
TO THEIR PRESENCE OR ABSENCE IN THE SIERRA AND THE 
CASCADES. 
The boreal mammals, birds, and plants of Shasta have been grouped 
in four categories: (1) species common to Shasta and the Sierra-Cas- 
cade system as a whole; (2) species common to Shasta and the Sierra, 
but not known from the Cascades; (3) species common to Shasta and 
the Cascades but not known from the Sierra, and (4) Shasta species not 
known from either the Sierra or the Cascades. 
Thirty-six distinctively Boreal mammals are known from Shasta, 
including the boreal species which range down into or through the 
Transition zone. Of these, 26 are common to the Sierra on the south 
and the Cascades on the north, 7 are common to Shasta and the Sierra 
but are not known from the Cascades, 1 is common to Shasta and the 
Cascades but is not known from the Sierra, and 2 are peculiar to 
Shasta. 
Of the 36 distinctively Boreal mammals of Shasta, 17 are believed to 
be exclusively boreal. Of these, 12 are common to the Sierra and the 
Cascades, £ are common to Shasta and the Sierra but are not known 
froin the Cascades, 1 is peculiar to Shasta, but not one is common to 
Shasta and the Cascades which does not occur also in the Sierra. 
Forty-seven distinctively Boreal birds are known from Shasta, includ- 
ing tue boreal species which range down into or through the Transition 
zone. Of these, 41 are common to the Sierra and the Cascades, 4 are 
common to Shasta and the Sierra but are not known from the Cas- 
cades, and 2 are common to Shasta and the Cascades but are not known 
from the Sierra. 
Of the 47 distinctively Boreal birds of Shasta, 22 are believed to be 
exclusively boreal. Of these, 18 are common to the Sierra and the Cas- 
cades, 2 are common to Shasta and the Sierra but are not known from 
the Cascades, and 2 are common to Shasta and the Cascades but are 
not known from the Sierra. 
One bundred and twelve distinctively Boreal plants are known from 
Shasta, including the boreal species which range down into or through 
the Transition zone. Of these 55 are common to the Sierra and the Cas- 
cades; 31 are common to Shasta and the Sierra but are not known 
from the Cascades; 16 are common to Shasta and the Cascades but 
are not known from the Sierra, and 8 occur on Shasta which are not 
known from either the Sierra or the Cascades. 
Of the 112 distinctively Boreal plants of Shasta, 101 are believed to 
be exclusively boreal. Of these, 47 are common to the Sierra and the 
Cascades; 28 are common to Shasta and the Sierra but are not known 
