ocT., 1899] STERRA-CASCADE SPECIES NOT KNOWN FROM SHASTA. 79 
HUDSONIAN-ALPINE SPECIES OF SHASTA AND SIERRA—Continued, 
PLANTS—continued. 
Eriogonnm polypodum, Saxifraga bryophora. 
Hieracium albitiorum (alpine form). Senecio canus. 
Hieravinm horridum. Streptanthus orbiculatus. 
Hulsea larseni. Vaccinium cespitosum, 
Parnassia californica, 
(9) EXCLUSIVELY HUDSONIAN-ALPINE SPECIES COMMON TO SHASTA 
AND THE CASCADES BUT NOT KNOWN FROM THE SIERRA. 
MAMMALS. 
None. 
BIRDS. 
Anthns pensilvanicus. 
PLANTS. 
Epilobium clavatum. Oreastrum alpiginum. 
Mieracium gracile, Pentstemon menziesi. 
Hulsea nana. Phy llodoce empetriformis. 
Lupinus lyalii. Polygonum newberryi. 
Lupinus ‘ ornatus.’ Silene suksdorfi. 
Lutkea pectinata. Veronica cusicki. 
Macheeranthera shastensis. 
BOREAL SPECIES OF THE SIERRA-CASCADES NOT KNOWN FROM 
SHASTA. 
Turning to another phase of the subject, the absentees, or boreal 
species of the Sierra and Cascades which are not known from Shasta, 
an equally instructive lesson may be learned. 
The boreal species that occur in the Sierra or Cascades, or both, but 
which are not known from Shasta, have been grouped in three cate- 
gories: (1) species common to the Sierra-Cascades but not known from 
Shasta; (2) Sierra species not known from Shasta or the Cascades; 
and (3) Cascade species not known from Shasta or the Sierra.! 
(1) BOREAL SPECIES COMMON TO THE SIERRA AND THE CASCADES 
BUT NOT KNOWN FROM SHASTA. 
Only three boreal mammals are known to occur in both the Sierra 
and the Cascades which have not been found on Shasta. These are 
the Sierra marmot (Arctomys flaviventer), the wolverine (Gulo luscus), 
and the silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans). The marmot, 
it may be stated with confidence, is really absent; the wolverine has 
been killed in the near vicinity and probably occurs on Shasta; the 
bat is a local species common in the mountains west of Shasta, easily 
overlooked and most likely to occur. Hence there is every reason to 
1In the accompanying tables and discussion the boreal species are treated col- 
lectively, no acconnt being taken of the important distinctions between the Alpine, 
Hudsonian, und Canadian species. This course has been rendered necessary by the 
absence of discriminative zone lists of Cascade-Sicrra species. 
Laberat vict & 
159 Sapouc-o weet road 
Cornell University 
Ithaca, Now York 1485 ! 
