124 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. (No. 16. 
guishable. It is customary among ornithologists to name recognizable 
intergrades which have definite and clearly defined breeding ranges. 
On this basis benlirei seems entitled to stand, since it occupies the 
isolated crest of the Sierra Nevada of California from the southern end 
north to Shasta, and pushes on a short distance into southern Oregon 
(to Fort Klamath, its type locality). At Diamond Lake, in the south- 
ern Cascades, only a few miles north of Fort Klamath, subspecies minor 
occurs. The Diamond Lake specimen! was shot by my assistant, E. 
A. Preble, August 13, 1896, and is an adult male. Owing to the late 
date and to the well-known erratic habits of crossbills, this bird may 
have been a wanderer from farther north. Hence the actual northern 
breeding limit of bendiret and the southern breeding limit of minor 
remain to be established. 
It is a singular fact that two of the specimens obtained by C. H. 
Townsend on Lassen, between Shasta and the High Sierra, are as large 
and have as large bills as stricklandi. They were killed in summer and 
may have been stragglers from some of the inountains to the southeast. 
79, Leucosticte tephrocotis (?). Gray-crowned Leucosticte. 
At an altitude of 10,000 to 11,000 feet, on the south side of Shasta 
Peak, Vernon Bailey saw half a dozen leucostictes August 17, and 
again the next day. They were feeding among the rocks and on the 
glacier which occupies the deep cross gulch just below Konwokitan 
glacier. He tells me they flew down into the crevasses just as we had 
seen them do on Mount Rainier the previous year. Since none were 
collected there may be some doubt as to the species. The Sierra bird 
is tepirocotis; the Rainier form littoralis, 
80. Astragalinus tristis salicamans. Willow Goldfinch. 
No specimens obtained, but I am sure I saw the species at Sisson in 
July and August with A. pseltria, Walter Ix. Fisher reports it as com- 
mon in Little Shasta Valley. 
81. Astragalinus psaltria. Arkansas Goldfinch. 
Common at Sisson and in Shasta Valley; breeds at Sisson. 
82. Spinus pinus. Pine Siskin. 
Fairly common throughout the Shasta fir forest, and ranging thence 
upward into the alpine hemlocks and white-bark pines. Seen or heard 
at frequent intervals from the time of our arrival, the middle of July, 
until late in September. 
83. Ammodramus sandwichensis alaudinus. Western Savanua Sparrow. 
In Shasta Valley W. H. Osgood found this species common Septem- 
ber 17 to 20, and just below timberline on Panther Creek I saw several 
September 18. 
'This specimen, an adult male, agrees with specimens of minor trom Wrangel, 
Alaska, and Neah Bay and Lapush, Washington. 
